Why Wetlands Matter | A media Release from The EWT

Many communities across Africa are directly dependent on wetlands for their survival, while wetlands provide indirect, but crucial services to many others. Yet despite this, these critical ecosystems are deteriorating and their capacity to provide goods and services is increasingly diminished as a result of human activities.

With the signing of the Convention on Wetlands in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 (the Ramsar Convention), the 2nd of February was declared World Wetlands Day. This is a day when we reflect on the benefits that wetlands provide and highlight the need for society to appreciate the value and functions of wetlands. The theme for World Wetlands Day 2010 is Wetlands, Biodiversity and Climate Change and the slogan is Caring for wetlands – an answer to climate change.

About 50% of South Africa’s wetlands have already been destroyed or converted through draining, the building of dams, incorrect burning and overgrazing, invasive alien species, waste disposal, water abstraction, agricultural, urban development and inappropriate land management. These losses are expected to increase as the human population grows and demand for water resources and land expands.

The benefits that humans obtain from wetlands can be classified into direct use, indirect and non-use:

  • Rural communities obtain direct benefits from wetlands when they harvest reeds for crafts, grow crops in wetland fields and extract water for drinking. They also obtain medicinal plants from wetlands, and at least 70% of South Africans are believed to use traditional medicine as their primary form of health care.
  • Indirect benefits include services such as the purification of water contaminated by industrial and domestic waste through physical filtration and dissolution of chemicals. Furthermore, wetlands mitigate floods and droughts by slowing down the flow of the water during the rainy season and storing water for release in the dry season. In this way they reduce the impact of natural disasters and reduce soil erosion, which would otherwise mean the loss of arable land and potable water. The unique and often spectacular biodiversity present in wetlands attracts tourists, which translates into socio-economic opportunities for local communities and increased revenue for the country.
  • Wetlands have for millennia provided breeding and feeding habitats for birds, insects, mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Wetlands are thus rich in biodiversity and are important stop-overs for many migratory species, while some species are dependent on wetlands for breeding. Thus, how one country treats its wetlands has effects on species from across the globe. Wetlands are also important carbon sinks, playing a key role in mitigating climate change.

Thus wetland conservation is not only about the rural people who are directly dependent on them for their survival, but affects all human beings and several other species. Every wetland forms an integral part of a natural ecological system that supports human well-being and biodiversity. This applies to wetlands of all types irrespective of size or location.

The Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) is protecting African wetlands in a number of ways:

  • Development of wetland management plans: the International Crane Foundation/Endangered Wildlife Trust Partnership for African Cranes has been working closely with Ugandan communities and Nature Uganda since the 1990s. The programme helps communities that have a direct dependency on wetlands to develop management plans that will allow them to use the wetlands in a sustainable way. The community is very involved in the development of these plans, which are currently in the form of written guidelines. The next step is to have the plans ratified by the district council so that they become binding. The model is also being rolled out to other African countries, notably Kenya and Zimbabwe.
  • Wetland rehabilitation: Where wetlands have been degraded through human activity the ICF/EWT Partnership for African Cranes plays a supportive role in helping communities replant indigenous vegetation and effectively rehabilitate these wetlands.
  • Helping rural communities live sustainably: The EWT’s Conservation Leadership Group (EWT-CLG) runs the Rural Eco Warrior Programme, which works with potential leaders within rural communities to identify and solve environmental problems particular to that community. Ebumnandini in the Mpophomeni area of the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands is a low-cost housing government initiative where about 75% of the houses have been built on a steep slope, with the remaining 25% built within the wetland area. This, together with uncontrolled grazing and burning regimes, soil erosion caused by livestock trampling, wind, rain and human movements, have led to parts of the Ebumnandini wetland becoming degraded. The EWT-CLG works with this community to prevent further degradation and to restore already degraded areas.
  • Developing nature-based tourism and protecting wetlands: Sam van Coller, a long time EWT supporter and representative of the Elizabeth Wakeman Henderson Charitable Foundation, introduced to the EWT-CLG to the Telekeshi community in the Waterberg region. Located within this community are a small wetland and a few rock art and Stone Age sites. The community plans to develop the area to cater for visiting tourists. A few community members have been trained as bird guides but as yet have not had a facility or the clients to make a living from their training. Despite being degraded due to overgrazing, erosion and alien plant invasions, the wetland area supports many bird species. The EWT-CLG is working with the community to address these issues and to restore the wetland to a more pristine habitat, which will contribute to the tourism package offered by the Telekeshi community and ensure that the community can continue to have clean water for drinking and washing.

The EWT also continually uses opportunities for awareness and education around the importance and value of wetlands, highlighting flagship species such as the Critically Endangered Wattled Crane Bugeranus carunulatus to drive home the urgency of wetland protection.

What can the public do to protect wetlands?

  • do not dump waste in wetlands;
  • adhere to approved urban development plans that clearly define wetland boundaries and buffer zones as no development areas;
  • do not litter or pollute our water ways as this enters and overloads our wetlands;
  • organise or participate in clean-ups in your area; and
  • support wetland conservation initiatives such as those run by the EWT.

The ICF/EWT Partnership for African Cranes is supported by the World Wide Fund for Nature, Rand Merchant Bank, Lufthansa, the Anglo American Chairman’s Fund, Eskom, SASOL, Millstream, Agricol, Senqu Clothing, PG Bison, the Dohem Family Foundation, the Vodacom Foundation, Whitley Fund for Nature, Sea World and Busch Gardens Conservation Fund. The Wattled Crane Recovery Programme is supported by the Mazda Wildlife Fund, Mondi Shanduka Newsprint, the KZN Crane Foundation and the National Lotteries Distribution Trust Fund.

Contact:               Osiman Mabhachi
ICF/EWT Partnership for African Cranes
Endangered Wildlife Trust
Tel: +27 11 486 1102

Graeme Wilson
EWT-Conservation Leadership Group
Endangered Wildlife Trust
Tel: +27 11 486 1102

Kerryn Morrison
ICF/EWT Partnership for African Cranes
Endangered Wildlife Trust
Tel: +27 11 486 1102

NGOs Respond to Growth in South African Wind Energy Sector | A media Release from the EWT & Birdlife SA

Wind energy is a very welcome addition to the South African energy mix, and is far ‘cleaner’ than coal-fired energy generation. However, this does not mean that it is without environmental impacts.

The Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) and BirdLife South Africa (BLSA) are concerned about the impact that wind farms could have on birds in South Africa if developed without appropriate consideration of the possible impacts, and have joined efforts to address this proactively.

“Cumulative impacts may be the greatest threat posed by wind energy developments to avifauna,” says Jon Smallie, manager of the EWT’s Wildlife & Energy Programme (EWT-WEP). “The EIA [Environmental Impact Assessment] process does not take these cumulative impacts into account adequately. We are concerned that more and more wind farms are under application, often in close proximity to one another, particularly in the Eastern and Western Cape”.

“While a particular site may be acceptable for development from an avifaunal point of view if viewed in isolation, when neighbouring areas are also subsequently developed, the combined impact of these multiple developments on certain bird species could be significant.” says Mark Anderson, Executive Director of BirdLife South Africa.

The impact of wind energy production on birds has been documented in countries such as Spain, Denmark and the USA, where this form of energy production is more established than it is in South Africa. Whilst certain sites have proven to impact significantly on birds, others have not, proving that it is possible for wind energy infrastructure and birds to co-exist if the correct sites are chosen. Only seven commercial size wind turbines are currently in operation in South Africa, three at the Eskom demonstration facility at Klipheuwel, and four at the private Darling wind farm. This means that our hands-on experience of the impacts of wind turbines on birds is very limited. This results in uncertainty in assessing or predicting the likely impacts of new proposed wind farms, since we have no local data on which to base our assessment.

The recently formed EWT-BLSA partnership intends to address the situation through the following activities: proactive engagement with the wind energy industry; the commissioning of a national strategic assessment of wind energy and birds; and the ongoing provision of input into EIAs for new wind farms through comment as Interested & Affected Parties. A national strategic assessment will assess the risks to both birds and developers by identifying, at an early stage, geographic areas of concern in South Africa where birds could be significantly impacted on by wind turbine development, and areas where impacts would be of low significance.

In this way, potential risks related to birds could be identified early on, saving developers unnecessary costs and avoiding negative impacts on birds. The assessment will also identify and document different techniques to mitigate the impacts on birds where necessary, and will involve the wind energy industry in assessing the feasibility of these techniques.

Much needed best practice guidelines for avifaunal assessments for EIA’s will also be developed. Since the National Energy Regulator of South Africa’s (NERSA) announcement of the feed-in tariff in 2009, applications for wind energy developments (predominantly by Independent Power Producers) have been gaining momentum in South Africa. Wind energy is generally considered a far more environmentally friendly energy option than traditional coal-fired power stations because of the lack of harmful emissions, the independence from mining operations and the fact that wind is a freely available, renewable resource. Furthermore, with wind energy the power supply can be placed closer to where it is needed, eliminating the need for extensive power lines cutting across the landscape, which have major environmental impacts.

Wind turbines do however impact on wildlife, and in particular on birds and bats. The Endangered Wildlife Trust’s Wildlife & Energy Programme has worked on reducing the impacts of energy infrastructure on wildlife since 1996, offering practical advice and developing mitigation measures to prevent the negative impact of power line infrastructure on wildlife, through effective partnerships with industry players such as South African electricity utility Eskom.

Work has also benefited the industry by reducing the impacts of birds on the lines and providing cost effective solutions to the developer. The Programme is a world leader in the mitigation of bird/power line collisions and electrocutions. BirdLife South Africa is one of the leading South African environmental NGOs, responsible for the conservation of birds and their habitats. BLSA is part of BirdLife International and as such collaborates with other BirdLife partners around the world, including countries with a well established wind energy industry. BLSA’s international partners will be asked to assist with advice when developing proactive measures to reduce the risk of wind farms on South Africa’s birds.

We believe that this partnership, in collaboration with ornithological institutions, conservationists and wind developers, will be uniquely positioned to ensure that the potential for clean wind energy is realised without undue impact on our birds. We invite any interested parties to contact us if they feel they can contribute to our work, and believe early collaboration will lead to better results for all stakeholders.

For more information please contact:

Jon Smallie

Manager Endangered Wildlife Trust’s Wildlife & Energy Programme

Tel: +27 11 486 1102

Mark Anderson

Executive Director BirdLife South Africa

+27 11 789 1122

Or the EWT Media Office

Tel: +27 11 486 1102

FREE Wildlife Desktop Backgrounds | February

Wow, I cant believe how quickly a month flies by! Perhaps it seems faster then normal as we spend most of January clearing out the December cobwebs in and around the offices?

The year has gotten off to a great start for me as I have spent most of January guiding guests at a number of lodges in the Madikwe Game Reserve. We’ve had some great sightings over the last couple of weeks; wild dogs chasing impala in front of the main lodge, a big male leopard approaching the lodge waterhole just this morning, plenty of great lion sightings, elephants and some fantastic birds!

Not to mention White Rhino grazing less than 5metres from our vehicle. That’s where the first of two FREE desktop backgrounds comes from for February. As always, if you would like to download the file, simply click on the image and then select the “download” button when the image opens in the Box.net window.

This group of three (notice the horn of the third individual on the bottom left of the image) White Rhino were very relaxed and continued to graze along the roadside despite our presence. The large, wide lips of the White Rhino are used to pluck the short sweet grass and pass it into the mouth. These bulk grazers are ideally adapted to consuming the large quantities of grass needed in order to sustain their bulk.

This second image is of a Flap-neck Chameleon (Chameleo dilepis) and was spotted crossing the road on our way back to the lodge after a morning game drive.

The common name of this chameleon is derived from the large occipital flap that extends from the posterior edge of the head and covering part of the neck. This is one of the most widespread and common chameleon species in southern Africa.

I hope you enjoy this months selection and look forward to getting some feedback on these images!

Moya Wa Tenga Safaris

Discover the south Africa you don’t know…

Email us

Visit our Website

How private guided safaris benefit you! | A guest post by Brad Leontsinis

Private safari guides provide several benefits to local and international tourists alike. A private guide should boast several important attributes, namely:

  • experience throughout several wilderness regions,
  • excellent bush skills and understanding of animal behavior,
  • a comprehensive background in ecology, zoology and botany or related fields,
  • an ability to adapt and guide in any natural environment regardless of experience in the area or not,
  • as well as excellent people skills and an ability to host guests, ensuring that they always feel safe, welcome and at home.

In addition to being a well above average safari guide, the true benefit of a private guide is the role which he/she plays as an expedition leader.

Guests in Africa usually stay an average of three nights per lodge or camp that they visit. At each of the camps they are assigned a different guide and there is often an overlap in the information which is given from the guides as well as duplications of sightings. However when it is one guide leading the group he/she is aware of the sightings that have already been experienced by the group and can therefore direct the group accordingly, to ensure that there is less overlap of the same sightings and information and more diversity in the type of sightings and experiences had by the guests.

Essentially a much fuller experience is to be had, when there is a private guide directing the group with intention of an amazing trip in its entirety, instead of just enjoyable but sometimes repetitive activities to be given by a number of different guides with much less insight into the groups experiences during the trip.

Another key factor to a private guide and safari is flexibility. In a randomly assembled group that one might find themselves a part of on safari, the guide is split between up to 8 or 10 people who all want something different. However with a private guide, your needs are catered for along with the group who you chose to go with. One must also remember that to have a host in your guide with you is an important factor to feeling comfortable at all times. Your private guide will ensure that you are his/her top priority above all else, something which will always make you feel comfortable and welcome.

One of the greatest benefits to a private guide is the fact that you have somebody with you from the moment you arrive in Africa. This means that there is always a clued up individual to help with your travel, border crossings, dealings with locals and in essence giving clarity as to what the further traveling entails, ensuring your safety through out the course of your trip. Your private guide also goes above and beyond a normal lodge guide who stays with you during your activity times only. A private guide is there to ensure that at no time do you find yourself bored or without something to do should you wish it. Private guides will provide slide shows, talks and activities relating to your specific interests, details of which are given during the booking process.

The insight into the countries that you visit will be far superior with a private guide who is there to ensure that you have a wonderful, full experience with all of your needs catered for. This also gives the private guide the chance to focus on finding exciting animals and sightings during the activities and giving cultural, historical and other background to the areas that you are in, between the activities. Essentially giving one much more time to absorb and enjoy the atmosphere of Africa without having too much shoved at you all at once.

Brad Leontsinis has had the fortune of working throughout Southern Africa and Zambia, first as a lodge ranger, guiding guests for an average of three nights during their stay at the lodges where he was working. He then took a position as an explorations guide for Wilderness Safari’s whereby guests could book him as their private guide for the duration of their trip in Africa. This meant that he would accompany them to all the lodges and camps which they visited.

There is no comparison in guest experience to be had between spending just a few days with guests on parts of their trips compared with accompanying them for the entire duration. The guest reviews and feedback from travel agents that Brad and I have received is by far superior with groups which have had a single guide accompany them for the duration of their trip.

For more information on private guided safaris, please contact Brad Leontsinis , Andrew Beck or head on over to our website at http://www.moyawatenga.co.za

Free Wildlife Desktop Backgrounds | January

Happy New Year to you all!

I appologise for being a bit slow in getting the Desktop Backgrounds for this month up on the blog but I have finally got round to it. As always, if you would like to download the file, simply click on the image and then select the “download” button when the image opens in the Box.net window.

The first image is one of my older images of a big male Lion (Panthera leo) which was taken in the Thornybush Game Reserve (Adjacent to Kruger National Park & the Timbavati).

The second image is of a Water Monitor (Varanus niloticus) which was taken off the bridge South of Lower Sabie in the Kruger National Park. These monitors are the largest species of lizard in southern Africa, reaching a body length just short of a metre (Excluding the tail). Like the Rock Monitor, the Water Monitor’s skin and fat are used in the “muti” (traditional medicine) trade and the skin is used in the leather industry.

Both of these images are also available on the website. We are always looking for feedback and constructive criticism so please feel free to contact us:

info@moyawatenga.co.za

www.moyawatenga.co.za

Birding Counts for Climate Change – A press release via The EWT

The environment in which we live and on which we depend is changing fast as a result of changes in the global climate, and also because of land-transforming human activities. Our ability to weather these changes depends on our capacity to detect them as soon as possible.

From cranes and korhaans to queleas, a new booklet describes how monitoring and research on birds can provide us with the early warning signs that we need to protect our native bird species, and there are many such signs in the Western Cape: plummeting numbers of African Penguins, invasions into new areas by Red-billed Queleas, and Southern Black Korhaans no longer seen in places where they were plentiful twenty years ago!

Many of the findings in the booklet are based on data collected for scientific programmes by trained members of the public. By counting birds or recording their presence at particular places and specific times of the year, these “citizen scientists” are helping scientists to build a jigsaw puzzle of our biodiversity. The 16-page illustrated booklet was produced by the South African National Biodiversity Institute and the University of Cape Town’s Animal Demography Unit, with kind support from the Royal Danish Embassy in Pretoria. It will be available to politicians, farmers, conservationists, teachers and anyone else who is interested.

The booklet will be widely distributed in South Africa and also handed out to delegates at the United Nations climate change conference (COP15) in Copenhagen this December.

The booklet can be downloaded here

Please contact Phoebe Barnard or Les Underhill if you would like more info on the booklet.

Free Wildlife Desktop Backgrounds | December

I cant believe how quickly the months seem to fly by and that we are approaching the end of 2009! The “Free Desktop Backgrounds” have proven to be a hit with regular downloads each week. Thanks for all the support! As always, if you would like to download the file, simply click on the image and then select the “download” button when the image opens in the Box.net window.

The first image is of a Southern Tree Agama ( Acanthocercus atricollis ) which was taken in the Kruger National Park in August.

The males of this species tend to be larger than the females and develop brighter breeding coloration. Although well established hierarchies keep fighting to a minimum, rival males can engage in savage battles.

This second image was taken in the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve. These two sub-adult cheetah were approaching their mother who was feeding on a fresh kill. Their posture and focus adds an element of excitement to the image whilst the textures of the grasses in the background and foreground ensure that they remain the key component of the image.

We are always looking for feedback and constructive criticism so please feel free to contact us:

info@moyawatenga.co.za

www.moyawatenga.co.za

Colour or Black & White?

I was running through some older images that have been sitting on my hard drive for a while when I came across this shot. The image was taken in Madikwe Game Reserve at Tlou Dam in January this year.

The original colour image is shown below with only minor cropping, saturation and contrast adjustments. The dark clouds of an approaching storm formed the perfect background to the young Elephant Bull and the Leadwood Tree as the sun broke through behind us.

I also converted the original image into Black and White and was quite impressed with the results. I’m not sure if its a good or bad thing but I am finding myself converting more and more images into B&W. Which one of these images do YOU prefer? Let me know by taking part in the live poll at the bottom of this post!

Photo of the Day

On a recent photographic safari to Pilanesberg National Park, we spent most of the morning at the hide situated on Mankwe Dam. We spent a good 3 hours at the hide taking photos of both Giant & Pied Kingfishers, Yellow-billed Storks, Giraffe, Wildebeest, Rock Monitors and a number of other interesting critters.

The highlights though, were the dragonflies which were constantly flying around and landing on a couple of dead stumps right in front of our lenses. After a number of attempts, playing with aperture values and exposure settings, I captured the image below.

(Canon 40D , Canon 100-400mm @ 400mm, 1/125, F/10, ISO 100 )

I absolutely love the colours on this dragonfly and would be very keen to hear from anyone who could possibly give me an ID. I will be posting some of the images taken by the rest of the group when I review the first “Introduction to Digital Photography” workshop next week.

Please feel free to contact us with any comments or suggestions:

Moya Wa Tenga Safaris CC

email: info@moyawatenga.co.za

The way forward for Cheetah and Wild Dog Conservation – EWT Media Release

EWT

Member of the IUCN – International Union for the Conservation of Nature

A new report will guide the way forward for Cheetah and African Wild Dog conservation in South Africa. Carnivore conservationists will establish a Biodiversity Management Plan for these species based on this report, for submission to the Department of Water and Environmental Affairs. If accepted and signed by the Minister, it will become legislated, providing an enforceable means of achieving the plan’s outlined objectives.

Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and Wild Dogs (Lycaon pictus) share similar biological traits and face similar threats. For this reason the decision was taken to coordinate their conservation. Both species are wide ranging and occur at naturally low densities, even in protected areas. Both are adversely affected by competition with other large predators, and both are declining in number, primarily due to persecution by humans.

The goal of this plan is therefore to improve the status of Cheetah and Wild Dogs within their historical range in South Africa, and the objectives are to:

  • develop capacity in all aspects of Cheetah and Wild Dog conservation in South Africa;
  • improve knowledge of the conservation biology of Cheetah and Wild Dogs across South Africa;
  • develop and implement mechanisms for the transfer of information relevant to the conservation of Cheetah and Wild Dogs and ensure active stakeholder commitment;
  • minimise and manage conflict and promote co-existence between Cheetah, Wild Dogs and people across South Africa;
  • minimise adverse effects of existing land use patterns and promote practices conducive to the conservation of Cheetah and Wild Dogs;
  • improve national and provincial governmental commitment to the conservation of Cheetah and Wild Dogs in South Africa;
  • review, and where necessary amend international, regional and local legislation, norms and standards, policies and protocols affecting the conservation of Cheetah and Wild Dogs, and promote the compliance thereof; and
  • establish viable populations of Cheetah and Wild Dogs within a matrix of land uses using a metapopulation approach in these species’ extirpated and resident distributions.

The Wildlife Conservation Society and Zoological Society of London are coordinating a continent-wide conservation planning process for Cheetah and African Wild Dogs in Africa, under the auspices of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s Cat and Canid Specialist Groups. This has involved the convening of a number of regional conservation planning meetings, followed by national meetings. The southern African conservation action planning meeting was held in Jwaneng, Botswana in December 2007 and the Endangered Wildlife Trust then took the lead role in coordinating the South African national conservation action planning process.

The first step in this process was the convening of a Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) workshop for Cheetah to complement the PHVA conducted for Wild Dogs in 1997. During recent years, Cheetah have been reintroduced into at least 37 small to medium sized fenced reserves, significantly increasing the numbers and geographic range of the species. However, most of these reserves contain small populations, and without coordinated management, there is a risk that inbreeding will occur. The PHVA provided the tools to manage isolated reintroduced populations as a coordinated metapopulation, where subpopulations are linked by management interventions.

Following the PHVA, the National Conservation Action Planning meeting for Cheetah and Wild Dogs was held in June 2009, in Bela Bela, Limpopo. Here stakeholders mapped out a comprehensive conservation strategy for Cheetah and Wild Dogs in South Africa.

Another workshop was then held in September 2009 to discuss the way forward for Cheetah conservation. At this workshop it was agreed that the EWT’s Carnivore Conservation Group (EWT-CCG) would coordinate the process, while the EWT’s IT 4 Conservation Group (EWT-IT4CG) is well placed to develop the baseline Cheetah database. This will contain information critical to ensuring demographic and genetic integrity of the Cheetah population and avoiding over-population in small reserves.  The next step is to gain buy-in from all landowners with Cheetah on their property and to put together a management plan for the Cheetah metapopulation.

The report that will form the basis for the Biodiversity Management Plan for Species has been finalised and is available here . The Biodiversity Management Plan for Species will take another year to finalise.

The national planning process was made possible by a grant to the EWT by the Howard G. Buffett Foundation’s African Cheetah Initiative.

Ends

Contact: Harriet Davies-Mostert
Endangered Wildlife Trust
Manager, Carnivore Conservation Group
Tel: +27 (0)82 507 9223
Email: harrietd@ewt.org.za

Or

EWT media office
Tel: +27 (0)11 486 1102
Email: media@ewt.org.za